基于MIMO阵列的一体化射频技术研究进展及展望

MIMO multifunction radio frequency systems: research progress and perspective

摘要:

基于多输入多输出（multiple-input-multiple-output， MIMO）阵列的一体化射频系统通过充分利用空间自由度和波形自由度，不仅能够同时实现雷达探测、数据通信、电子干扰等多种功能，而且具有目标探测可靠性好、参数估计精确度高、反侦察识别能力强等突出特点，在高动态强对抗环境中展现了巨大的潜力。从基于MIMO阵列的一体化射频系统的检测性能分析入手，剖析了一体化射频系统的检测性能极限以及影响检测性能的主要因素；针对MIMO阵列参数高精度估计问题，提出通过单个发射脉冲完成参数估计以及一种增强参数估计精度的波形优化算法；考虑到目标角度估计误差不可避免，提出了一种稳健的一体化波形设计算法；针对杂波环境中一体化射频系统性能下降的问题，提出了发射波形和接收滤波器联合优化算法，该算法不仅能够实现同时多功能，而且有效地抑制了杂波，提高了目标检测性能。最后，展望了一体化射频系统参数估计精度极限、高精度参数估计、稳健波形设计、波形设计算法快速实现等有待突破的信号处理关键技术。

Abstract:

By exploiting the spatial and waveform diversity, multifunction radio frequency (MFRF) systems based on a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array can simultaneously support multiple functions, including radar detection, data communications, and electronic attack. Moreover, MIMO MFRF systems can achieve enhanced target detection performance, improved angle estimation accuracy, and lower probabilities of being intercepted and identified. Therefore, MIMO MFRF systems have shown great potentials in complex environments. In this paper, the detection performance of MIMO MFRF systems is investigated. The fundamental limits of the detection probability of a MIMO MFRF system are presented, and the factors influencing the detection performance are analyzed. Then, an angle estimation method based on a single pulse is proposed, and an algorithm for resolution enhancement via designing the waveforms is developed. Afterwards, by considering that the target angle estimation error is inevitable, a robust waveform design method for MIMO MFRF systems is proposed. Moreover, an algorithm for jointly designing the transmit waveforms and the receive filters is developed for MIMO MFRF systems operating in the clutter. The proposed joint design method not only supports multiple functions simultaneously, but also suppresses the clutter and enhances the target detection performance. Finally, several important research topics of MIMO MFRF systems, including the fundamental limits of target angle estimation accuracy, high-resolution parameter estimation, robust waveform design, fast implementation of waveform design algorithms, are discussed.